The Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) has issued an alert about the virus which can be spread by mosquitoes.
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About the Virus
The Oropouche virus is transmitted to humans by certain mosquitos, and smaller flying insects such as midges. The main carrier in the region is the Culex quinquefasciatus, or Southern House mosquito. These insects are common to Cayman. For this reason, whilst there are no known cases so far in the Islands, the Ministry of Health of Wellness has issued an advisory to the public. It is important to note, that currently, there is no evidence of human-to-human transmission.
The virus, discovered in 1955 in Trinidad an Tobago is named after the region of Trinidad where it was first detected and isolated, in a laboratory close to the Oropouche river.
Severe cases of illness are rare, however there are certain at-risk groups such as the elderly and infirm. A total of two deaths have been reported, both in Brazil. According to PAHO, this is the first time deaths have been attributed to the virus.
There have been 8,078 confirmed cases in the South and Latin American region, which includes the Caribbean, so far in 2024. The disease can be mistaken for Dengue fever even by health professionals.
No specific treatments or vaccines are available.
Signs & Symptoms
Average time for the appearance of symptoms is 4 to 8 days after the incubation period, beginning from the bite of the infected mosquito or midge.
The illness often causes a skin rash resembling rubella, conjunctival injection, and pain behind the eyes, similar to dengue fever.
Fevers are the most common symptom, occurring in nearly all cases, with temperatures reaching up to 40°C (104°F).
Other symptoms include chills, headaches, muscle and joint pain, dizziness, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, and rashes.
The initial febrile episode usually resolves within 7 days, but about 60% of cases experience a recurrence of symptoms with lesser intensity.
Fatigue and weakness may linger for a few weeks after the initial infection.
Recovery is generally expected to take 2 to 7 days.
How it Spreads
The disease is transmitted through the insect bites of mosquitoes and midges carried out on humans.
There is no current evidence to suggest that the Oropouche virus can be spread from person to person.
There is a chance that expectant mothers may pass on the virus to their fetuses through the placenta, resulting in complications. Though more research is needed.
Prevention strategies all include reducing the number of midges and mosquitoes through the removal of their potential breeding grounds such as stagnant and artificial water habitats.
How to Stay Safe
Here are some precautions to take, particular at the peak mosquito times of dusk an dawn:
- Keep mosquitoes out of your home by screening windows and doors
- Check the outside of your property regularly for anything that catches rainwater so it can pool. This is a breeding ground for mosquitoes. Dispose of any collected water.
- Dress in long-sleeve shirts and long trousers at the peak times of mosquito activity
The Mosquito Research and Control Unit can be reached on 949-2557 for advice and if you have a serious mosquito problem